施工機(jī)械設(shè)備的安全管理不僅僅是安全管理的范疇

施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自制設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)上的不安全因素。有的單位自制的簡(jiǎn)易機(jī)械設(shè)備,由于受到主觀認(rèn)識(shí)、技術(shù)水平、經(jīng)濟(jì)能力所限, 很容易存在安全隱患。在維修機(jī)械設(shè)備過(guò)程中，購(gòu)買(mǎi)的配件貪圖便宜，質(zhì)量不合格的零部件裝配到機(jī)械設(shè)備上去, 成為事故的隱患, 如l根質(zhì)量不合格的剎車(chē)線(xiàn)導(dǎo)致一場(chǎng)重大事故，1條有質(zhì)量缺陷的輪胎都會(huì)在施工運(yùn)行中導(dǎo)致爆胎，使車(chē)輛側(cè)翻發(fā)生重大機(jī)械安全事故等。在機(jī)械保養(yǎng)的過(guò)程中輔助材料不合格、不符合使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),就可以使機(jī)械發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)遭受很大損壞，不合格的鋼絲繩起吊重物等,都可能引起安全事故。設(shè)備調(diào)動(dòng)頻繁，無(wú)法對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)行徹底的維修保養(yǎng)，經(jīng)常帶病作業(yè)，在工作強(qiáng)度密集的情況下，操作手稍有疏忽就會(huì)釀成安全事故。

the construction site unsafe factors in the design of the homemade equipment. some units of homemade simple mechanical device, due to subjective awareness, technology level and economic ability, it is easy to pose a safety hazard. in the process of maintenance machinery and equipment, to purchase the accessories covet is cheap, quality is not qualified parts and components to the mechanical equipment, become the hidden danger of accident if l root quality brake line, leading to a major accident, 1 the tire with quality defects will result in a blowout in the construction operation, make the major mechanical vehicle rollover accidents, etc. in the process of mechanical maintenance of auxiliary material is not qualified, do not accord with standard of use, can make the mechanical engine suffered great damage, the unqualified wire rope lifting heavy objects, etc., are likely to cause safety accidents. equipment frequently and can't to complete maintenance of machinery and equipment, often work, in spite of under the condition of intensive work intensity, the operator slightly negligence can lead to safety accident.

3、機(jī)械設(shè)備安全管理中環(huán)境的因素

3, the environment factors in the mechanical equipment safety management

由于公路施工機(jī)械都是在高溫、嚴(yán)寒、多雨的天氣、軟地基、坡道等野外環(huán)境施工,再加上夜間施工照明不夠、交通狀況復(fù)雜等環(huán)境,容易造成事故。

due to road construction machinery are in the high temperature, cold, rainy weather, the soft foundation, slope, such as outdoor environment construction, coupled with the night lighting is not enough, the complex traffic environment construction, easy to cause an accident.

現(xiàn)以施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)最常見(jiàn)的壓路機(jī)的安全管理舉一個(gè)小列子：某項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部在進(jìn)行路基填方作業(yè)收工時(shí)，項(xiàng)目主要負(fù)責(zé)人在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)負(fù)責(zé)人兼壓路機(jī)駕駛員做了施工任務(wù)和施工方法的安排和布置。深溝填方采用機(jī)械施工，用推土機(jī)開(kāi)一條便道(180m，27°）連接溝底和地面，由一臺(tái)推土機(jī)用鋼絲繩拖拽一臺(tái)裝載機(jī)、一臺(tái)壓路機(jī)經(jīng)便道下到溝底。施工方法是由推土機(jī)向溝下推土，壓路機(jī)、裝載機(jī)在溝下作業(yè)。項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)曾口頭交待機(jī)械送下去以后，不準(zhǔn)再開(kāi)上來(lái)，加油加水、機(jī)械故障維修都在溝底進(jìn)行。機(jī)械將隨著大溝的填方上升，直到填平到位，自然升至地面。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工一段時(shí)間后，壓路機(jī)司機(jī)私自想將壓路機(jī)回駐地，當(dāng)壓路機(jī)爬到距溝底40多米(即將到地面時(shí))，壓路機(jī)突然失去動(dòng)力，開(kāi)始下滑，當(dāng)下滑至距溝底28m拐彎處發(fā)生側(cè)翻，壓路機(jī)司機(jī)被變形的駕駛室與方向盤(pán)卡住胸部，無(wú)法動(dòng)彈，導(dǎo)致安全事故發(fā)生。

now with the safety management of construction site of the most common roller to take a small example: a project in the roadbed fill operations intends to call it a day, the project principal at the scene of the scene and director of the roller driver to do the arrangement and layout of construction projects and construction method. deep trench fill with mechanical construction, bulldozers to open a detour (180 m, 27 °) connection groove and the ground, by a bulldozer with wire rope drag and drop a loader, a roller by the walk down to the bottom. construction method is by bulldozers to ditch the bulldozing, rollers, loaders in the ditch under the homework. project leader had oral confessed after machine down, not to open up, gas and water, mechanical fault maintenance is done in the groove. machinery will fill up with big ditch, until fill in place, the natural to the ground. site construction after a period of time, want to secretly roller roller driver back to headquarters, when roller up to 40 meters from bottom () to the ground as soon as, roller suddenly loses power, began to decline, as fell to spacing groove 28 m turning occurs, roller by deformation of the cab driver and the steering wheel stuck chest, unable to move, lead to safety accident.

1、事故原因分析

1, analysis of the cause of the accident

1）技術(shù)交底方面

1) technical disclosure

(1)壓路機(jī)檢修保養(yǎng)不及時(shí)，設(shè)備技術(shù)性能不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（物的因素）

(1) rollers overhaul maintenance, not in time equipment technical performance are not up to the standard. (factors) of

(2)上下溝的便道坡度過(guò)大，不符合規(guī)定。（環(huán)境因素）

(2) up and down the channel service road slope is too large, do not conform to the rules. factors (environment)